Table 75.1 Indications for surgery Implant extrusion, not amenable for repair with patch graft Enophthalmos and superior sulcus deformity from insufficient orbital volume Socket contracture Primary implant in the growing…
Table 68.1 Indications for surgery Enophthalmos caused by orbital floor resorption in silent sinus syndrome Secondary volume augmentation after enucleation/evisceration or orbital fracture repair Table 68.2 Preoperative evaluation History…
Table 71.1 Indications for surgery Vision-threatening papilledema refractory to maximal medical therapy Table 71.2 Preoperative evaluation History of medication use associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) – oral contraceptives,…
Table 70.1 Indications for surgery Discomfort over lateral orbit Cosmetically displeasing lateral fullness Rule out lacrimal gland malignancy/pathology Table 70.2 Preoperative evaluation History of pain and/or paresthesia over lateral…
Table 67.1 Indications for surgery Enophthalmos (>2 mm) Extraocular muscle entrapment with diplopia Hypoglobus Oculocardiac reflex Large floor fracture (>50%) Table 67.2 Preoperative evaluation Exophthalmometry readings Extraocular muscle movements and…
Table 66.1 Indications for surgery Diagnosis of unknown orbital mass Removal of orbital mass causing optic neuropathy Table 66.2 Preoperative evaluation Visual acuity, pupillary reaction, automated visual fields, color…
Table 69.1 Indications for surgery Intractable recurrent epistaxis secondary to: • Coagulopathy • Vascular malformations such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome) • Neoplasm • Naso-orbital trauma Table 69.2…
Table 64.1 Indications for surgery Disfiguring proptosis Compressive optic neuropathy unresponsive to maximally tolerated medical therapy Exposure keratopathy unresponsive to maximally tolerated medical therapy Preparation for strabismus surgery with large…
Table 65.1 Indications for surgery Maximal orbital decompression Need for access to the intraconal space In combination with a medial and lateral orbitotomy approach for lesions near the orbital apex…
Table 63.1 Indications for surgery Punctal stenosis Symptomatic epiphora Table 63.2 Preoperative evaluation Probing and irrigation of canaliculi and lacrimal system Assess for co-existent punctal ectropion Rule out any…
