Reconstruction of the axilla

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of the axilla

Introduction Burns of the shoulder and axillary region present a challenging task with respect to prevention and treatment. A proactive and multidisciplinary approach to burns of the axilla and shoulder…

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Burn reconstruction in low- and middle-income countries

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Burn reconstruction in low- and middle-income countries

Definition and purpose of this chapter Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are defined by the World Bank based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. These countries form an incredibly…

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Reconstruction of burn injuries to the breast and nipple-areola complex

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of burn injuries to the breast and nipple-areola complex

Introduction Burn-related injury to the trunk is common in both pediatric and adult populations. The prominent anatomical location of the breast and the nipple-areola complex (NAC) within the anterior trunk…

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Reconstruction of burn deformities of the lower extremity

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of burn deformities of the lower extremity

Assessment of injury Successful long-term reconstruction of the burned lower extremity requires attention paid to both form and function. The limb is responsible for upright positioning, weight bearing, and ambulation,…

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Reconstruction of the burned trunk and perineum

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of the burned trunk and perineum

Introduction The trunk constitutes 36% of the total body surface area (TBSA) and, as such, commonly requires reconstruction after a burn injury. Anterior chest and breast burns are encountered frequently,…

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Reconstruction of the burned neck

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of the burned neck

Introduction In the 20th century, there were significant improvements in burn care. This resulted in an emphasis on morbidity over mortality. Involvement of the head and neck occurs in approximately…

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The burned hand

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on The burned hand

Introduction The hand is crucial to functioning in many daily living tasks, which are required for self-care and needs of work. It is core to one’s aesthetics and communication. With…

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Reconstruction of the contracted elbow postburn

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Reconstruction of the contracted elbow postburn

Introduction Irrespective of burn etiology, joints are rarely involved in burn injuries. Yet, burns can often impair the function of joints. Postburn, joint dysfunction can result from hypertrophy, contraction of…

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Lip, mouth, nose, and face reconstruction

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Lip, mouth, nose, and face reconstruction

Introduction Reconstruction of the face after burn injuries presents some of the most complex and formidable challenges in plastic surgery. Facial burn wounds and deformities and their treatment often have…

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Periorbital burn management

Apr 22, 2026 by drzezo in Reconstructive surgery Comments Off on Periorbital burn management

Introduction Anatomy The eyelid comprises four layers ( Fig. 57.1 ). From superficial to deep, they are (1) the skin; (2) the orbicularis oculi muscle, which make up the anterior…

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