Orbital Fractures
Abstract Orbital fractures are among the most common facial fractures and carry a significant cost to the healthcare system. Incidence and etiology vary greatly with geography, demographics, and socioeconomic factors….
Radiological Evaluation of the Craniofacial Skeleton
Abstract This chapter covers the history and role of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the craniofacial skeleton in the setting of blunt…
Assessment of the Patient With Traumatic Facial Injury
Abstract Patients with facial injuries often have multisystem involvement, and the initial assessment of the trauma patient should be consistent with the ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) protocol. Although traumatic…
Nasal Fractures
Abstract The chapter describes the workup and management of nasal fractures. Contemporary literature related to nasal fractures is reviewed, including anatomy, pathophysiology, radiography, surgical indications, techniques, follow-up care, and potential…
Primary Repair of Soft Tissue Injury and Soft Tissue Defects
Abstract Reconstruction of soft tissue craniofacial trauma represents a challenging and common problem. The soft tissue structures of the head and neck contain complex 3-dimensional geometry spanning across multiple subunits…
Endoscopic Approaches to Frontal and Maxillary Sinus Fractures
Abstract Frontal sinus and maxillary sinus fractures involving the orbital floor have traditionally been repaired with open approaches. With advances in nasal endoscopy and endoscopic instrumentation, less invasive approaches to…
Diagnosis and Multimodality Management of Skull Base Fractures and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
Abstract The description, diagnosis, and management of skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks has a long, controversial history dating back to the first report of this entity in the 17th…
Botulinum Toxin
Abstract For over thirty years, botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been used for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Of the five formulations of BoNT type A (BoNT-A) available worldwide, three have been…
Surgical Complications and Optimizing Outcomes
Abstract Complications in dermatologic surgery range from inconsequential to life-threatening and from unpredictable to entirely avoidable. Bleeding, infection and poor wound healing are of particular concern. Thorough preoperative assessment, careful…
Phlebology and Treatment of Leg Veins
Abstract The venous system of the lower extremities is a complex, interconnected network consisting of large- and small-caliber vessels. Incompetence within this system manifests clinically as visible telangiectasias, reticular veins,…
