The principles of facial reconstruction are well established and some unique modifications apply to the non-White population. Anatomic and physiologic distinctions to this group give rise to alterations in design…
The goal of Asian blepharoplasty is to create a lid crease configuration that resembles the natural-appearing crease found in other Asians. Because the Asian upper eyelid contains more prominent preseptal…
Asians have anatomic and clinical characteristics to be considered before forehead lift. Because of the anatomic characteristics of Asians, for the better outcomes of blepharoplasty or augmentation rhinoplasty, forehead lift…
Mandibular condyle fractures can result in short-term and long-term morbidity. As a weak area of the mandible, the condyle is vulnerable to injury by a direct impact or an indirect…
Angle fractures are the most common among the mandibular fractures. History and physical examination are crucial in guiding time course and specifics of management. Computed tomography (CT) has become the…
A dentoalveolar fracture requires thorough clinical and radiographic examination for an accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment. Dentoalveolar fractures can be classified into the following 4 groups: (1) crown/root fractures,…
Although frontal sinus fractures are relatively uncommon, the potential for long-term morbidity is significant. Management strategies remain controversial due to a lack of strong clinical evidence. Despite a paucity of…
Fractures of the mandibular body most commonly occur after interpersonal violence or motorized vehicle accident but can occur in athletes. Mandibular body fractures are often associated with additional mandibular fractures….
Fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex and zygomatic arch are common athletic injuries. Fracture displacement can lead to midfacial retrusion and widening, causing noticeable deformity. Associated signs and symptoms include hypoesthesia…
Le Fort fractures occur at uniform weak areas in the midface often due to blunt impact to the face. Sporting injuries are a common cause of facial trauma; however, use…
