Abstract Oncogenes act in a dominant fashion and gain-of-function results in increased cellular proliferation. Tumor suppressor genes act in a recessive fashion and loss of normal function results in uncontrolled…
Abstract This chapter describes disorders in which there is an increase in the amount of collagen within the skin, followed by those with an increase in elastic fibers. The first…
Abstract Panniculitis represents infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue by inflammatory cells, although the term has also been applied to neoplastic infiltration. Typically there is deep induration or swelling of the…
Abstract Heritable disorders of connective tissue comprise a phenotypically diverse group of conditions that often have multisystem involvement. These disorders can result from mutations in genes encoding structural elements of…
Abstract The perforating diseases are a group of disorders in which papulonodules develop due to transepidermal elimination of connective tissue or other substances. Two prototypes are reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC),…
Abstract Atrophies of the skin are caused by a diminution or loss of collagen and/or elastic fibers. These disorders range from common conditions, such as striae distensiae, to those conditions…
Abstract Examination of the oral soft and hard tissues may reveal signs of developmental anomalies, infectious or inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic processes. Alterations of the oral mucosa may also be…
Abstract Extracellular matrices (ECMs) consist of highly organized networks of collagens, elastin, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. In addition to establishing tissue architecture and providing mechanical strength, ECMs are biologically active, regulating…
Abstract When implanted or injected into the skin, inorganic and high-molecular-weight organic materials can elicit a range of inflammatory reactions, from granulomatous to lichenoid to pseudolymphomatous. Less commonly, reactions resemble…
