Plastic Surgery Key

Mandibular condyle fractures can result in short-term and long-term morbidity. As a weak area of the mandible, the condyle is vulnerable to injury by a direct impact or an indirect…

Angle fractures are the most common among the mandibular fractures. History and physical examination are crucial in guiding time course and specifics of management. Computed tomography (CT) has become the…

A dentoalveolar fracture requires thorough clinical and radiographic examination for an accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment. Dentoalveolar fractures can be classified into the following 4 groups: (1) crown/root fractures,…

Although frontal sinus fractures are relatively uncommon, the potential for long-term morbidity is significant. Management strategies remain controversial due to a lack of strong clinical evidence. Despite a paucity of…

Fractures of the mandibular body most commonly occur after interpersonal violence or motorized vehicle accident but can occur in athletes. Mandibular body fractures are often associated with additional mandibular fractures….

Fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex and zygomatic arch are common athletic injuries. Fracture displacement can lead to midfacial retrusion and widening, causing noticeable deformity. Associated signs and symptoms include hypoesthesia…

Le Fort fractures occur at uniform weak areas in the midface often due to blunt impact to the face. Sporting injuries are a common cause of facial trauma; however, use…

The bony orbit is commonly involved in athletic injuries. Evaluation should include a comprehensive history and ocular examination. Computed tomography imaging is the gold standard for diagnostic testing. Urgent surgical…

Facial trauma accounts of 7% to 10% of emergency department visits in the United States every year. The management of facial soft tissue trauma is an essential skill for the…

This article outlines current methods in the evaluation and management of nasal fractures including clinical workup, imaging, and treatment. Key points • Nasal bone fractures comprise >50% of all facial…