10.1055/b-0038-162684 32 Embryology and Classification of Hand DifferencesBran Sivakumar and Gill Smith Summary Congenital hand differences arise from genetic or environmental influences on the fetus during development. Embryogenesis of the…
10.1055/b-0038-162681 29 Posterior Trunk DisordersArin K. Greene Summary Posterior trunk disorders can be congenital (e.g. myelomeningoceles) or acquired (e.g. pressure ulcers), and frequently require the expertise of plastic surgeons. Soft-tissue…
10.1055/b-0038-162680 28 Anterior Trunk DisordersCarolyn M. Pike and Brian I. Labow Summary Disorders of the anterior trunk include congenital defects of the abdominal or chest wall. Gastroschisis and omphalocele are…
10.1055/b-0038-162679 27 Breast AsymmetryLaura C. Nuzzi and Brian I. Labow Summary Breast asymmetry is not a formal diagnosis, but rather a term that encompasses normal and abnormal variances in breast…
10.1055/b-0038-162678 26 GynecomastiaLaura C. Nuzzi and Brian I. Labow Summary Gynecomastia is a common finding among healthy adolescent boys. Benign excess glandular breast tissue is the hallmark of gynecomastia. Severity…
10.1055/b-0038-162677 25 MacromastiaLaura C. Nuzzi and Brian I. Labow Summary Macromastia is a common adolescent breast disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral breast hypertrophy, often resulting in significant functional impairment…
10.1055/b-0038-162675 23 Facial ParalysisGreg Borschel Summary The management of pediatric facial palsy begins with the accurate multidisciplinary assessment of the deficit and acute problems, the cause and associated problems, the…
10.1055/b-0038-162673 21 MicrotiaAkira Yamada Summary The auricle is located away from the facial triangle (eye–nose–eye). Therefore, the auricle is not the primary attention of people when they look at someone….
10.1055/b-0038-162672 20 Ear ReconstructionArin K. Greene Summary Ear deformities are common in the pediatric population. Disorders include: constricted ears, microtia, accessory cartilage, lobule anomalies, prominent ears, cryptotia, Stahl deformity, keloids,…
10.1055/b-0038-162676 24 Scalp, Cheek, and Neck DeformitiesArin K. Greene Summary Pediatric scalp, cheek, and neck deformities include: cutis aplasia, alopecia, hemifacial atrophy, and webbed neck. Skin lesions and trauma also…
