Complications in Eyelid Surgery
Eyelid surgery consists of challenging reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Because of the complex anatomy and corresponding vital functions of the upper and lower eyelids, the avoidance of eyelid complications is…
Lower Eyelid Reconstruction
Lower eyelid defects are common, and a systematic approach to reconstruction of the lower eyelid is required. Attention to the bilaminar eyelid anatomy and canthal support structures, with efforts to…
Upper Eyelid Reconstruction
Reconstruction of the upper eyelid is complicated because the eyelid must retain mobility, flexibility, function, and a suitable mucosal surface over the delicate cornea. Defects of the upper eyelid may…
Injectable Adjunctive Procedures for Cosmesis and Function
The role of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in the periocular region continues to expand. In addition to cosmetic uses in the periocular region, HA fillers are increasingly being used to…
Lower Lid Malposition
Lower lid malposition is a common yet demanding problem that both functional and cosmetic eyelid surgeons will face. It encompasses a spectrum of lower eyelid conditions ranging from lower lid…
Correction of Eyelid Crease Asymmetry and Ptosis
Upper eyelid ptosis and crease abnormalities can lead to significant cosmetic deformity. An intimate knowledge of the anatomic structures responsible for eyelid height, contour, and pretarsal show will allow precise…
Periorbital Rejuvenation
Numerous nonsurgical options for periorbital rejuvenation are available and can be used alone or as adjuncts to other nonsurgical and surgical options. Topicals, chemical peels, laser resurfacing, and dermabrasion therapy,…
Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
The goal of lower eyelid blepharoplasty is to rejuvenate the lower lid while maintaining a natural, unoperated appearance. Successful lower eyelid blepharoplasty depends on knowledge of the anatomy and surgical…
Upper Lid Blepharoplasty
Upper lid blepharoplasty is a common procedure for restoration and rejuvenation of the upper eyelids that can be performed safely and reliably. Understanding the anatomy and aging process of the…
Evaluation of Eyelid Function and Aesthetics
The eyes and periocular area are the central aesthetic unit of the face. Facial aging is a dynamic process that involves skin, subcutaneous soft tissues, and bony structures. An understanding…
