Chest Wall Reconstruction
Overview of the Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage serves two principal functions: to protect the thorax and upper abdomen and their associated viscera, and to allow movement for ventilation. It…
General Surgery
Congenital Breast Anomalies
Embryology Breast development begins at approximately the 5th to 6th embryonic week. It proceeds from a single ectodermal bud and begins developing along the ventral side of the embryo as…
Lower Limb Reconstruction
Introduction Worldwide, lower extremity trauma is associated with significant cost, as well as considerable morbidity and even mortality. In the United States, open tibial shaft fractures are most common in…
Eyelid Reconstruction
Introduction Reconstructive surgery of the face and eyelids has undergone significant changes in the past half century. The increased specialization and advanced understanding of anatomy and physiology of the periocular…
Pressure Injuries
Introduction Pressure sores, also known as pressure injuries, pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcers, and bedsores, are a common problem. A pressure sore comprises a “localized injury to the skin and/or underlying…
Orthognathic Surgery and Genioplasty
Orthognathic Surgery History The term “orthognathic” stems from the Greek words ortho , which is to straighten, and gnathic , which describes the jaw. Orthognathic surgery is a subspecialty practiced…
Breast Augmentation
For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Breast augmentation is the most popular esthetic surgery procedure. In the United States 450,000 implants…
Cheek Reconstruction
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Michael Leung in the preparation of this chapter. Introduction Defects of the cheek pose a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. It…
Midface Reconstruction
Introduction Reconstruction of the midface, particularly of the maxilla, following tumor removal is a significant challenge because of its complex three-dimensional architecture and important role in facial esthetics and function….
Reconstruction of the Skull Base
Introduction The skull base is a complex anatomic region through which the major blood vessels of the head and neck, cranial nerves, and spinal cord pass. A variety of congenital…
