Kaete A. Archer Summary Facial anatomy is highly complex and intricate. A strong knowledge of facial anatomy is the foundation for performing facial plastic surgery. This in-depth knowledge and understanding…
Seden Akdagli, Dennis P. Dimaculangan, George Ferzli, and Sydney C. Butts Summary A variety of anesthetic techniques are used for facial plastic procedures. Laser treatment of facial lesions is a…
Eric T. Carniol Summary The preoperative stage of a surgeon-patient relationship is important in order to assess physical and psychological candidacy for a procedure and establish realistic expectations. Surgeons must…
Introduction The best way to treat a complication, is to avoid it. Unknown expert surgeon Breast augmentation is a common operation, and it has been estimated that there are currently…
Introduction Breast ptosis is one of the most common issues seen for evaluation in a plastic surgeon’s office. It can be developmental or more commonly acquired, secondary to weight loss,…
Introduction Commonly, mastopexy is understood to be synonymous with “breast lift.” Among plastic surgeons, a mastopexy has been traditionally understood to mean a skin tightening procedure, certainly for a skin-only…
Introduction Congenital breast asymmetry can be relatively common among young women. , Although tuberous breast deformity, Poland syndrome, and structural chest wall deformities can be considered reconstructive, less extensive congenital…
Introduction Gynecomastia is defined as benign glandular enlargement of the male breast, its hallmark location being a concentric mass directly beneath the nipple. , It can consist of various proportions…
Introduction Women who have undergone breast augmentation live with their breast implants for years and typically want to maintain their outcomes because it adds value to their lives. Revision breast…
Introduction Breast reduction surgery is not only about improving the quality of life of women with the symptoms of macromastia but also improving the patient’s perception of her own image….
