Key points • The infraorbital rim and adjacent midface skeleton support the lower lid and midface soft tissues. • Young, attractive women have convex midface skeletons with narrow eyeball, short…
Key points • Adequate markings on the skin. • Suitable skin dissection. • SMAS/platysma flap elevation. • Midface treatment. • Skin sutures. Patient selection The decision as to whether to…
Key points • Blepharoptosis, or ptosis, refers to the abnormally low position of the upper eyelid in primary gaze. • Ptosis of the eyelid is usually secondary to involutional changes,…
Key points • Understanding anatomic changes associated with age is essential. • Pre-operative assessment of eyelid tone and tarsoligamentous laxity. • Resect skin, muscle and fat in a conservative fashion….
Key points • Preseptal, preperiosteal transconjunctival approach. • Low risk of postoperative lower eyelid malposition. • Low risk of facial nerve injury. • Restoration and reinforcement of proper lateral canthal…
Key points • The dark circle is due to atrophy of fat between the skin and the dermis. • Replacement of fat or volume in the depths of the nasojugal…
Key points • By the end of the third decade, aging is manifested by skeletonization of the periorbital area. • The aging lower eyelid appears to elongate with increased height…
Key points • Deepening of the tear trough is often one of the first signs of peri-orbital aging. • Hyaluronic acid can be utilized effectively for non-surgical correction of the…
Key points • To understand the distinct anatomy of the upper and lower lids. • To understand how this anatomy impacts function and physiology in the eyelids. • To understand…
Key points • Simple surgical technique, with minimum incisions. • No undermining of the forehead skin, except for the sites where suture threads are passed. • Gliding of the eyebrows…
