Introduction More than 89 upper extremities and 30 face transplants have been performed worldwide since 1998, proving that vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is technically feasible and guarantees long-term survival under…

Introduction Hand and upper extremity transplantation is the most common form of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) or reconstructive transplantation and has evolved from a procedure only performed at the distal…

Introduction Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) involves transplantation of various complex tissues embryologically derived from different layers that can include musculoskeletal structures (nerve, bone, muscle, etc.), skin and mucosa, and their…

Introduction The notion of drastically improving the treatment of catastrophic facial injuries, regardless of the cause, has motivated surgeons to pursue the development of facial transplantation in addition to other…

Figure 61.1 Posterior tibial artery perforator flap. Introduction In the field of reconstructive surgery, not a day goes by without a skin flap being used. The earliest description of skin…

Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the general principles, challenges, and opportunities in establishing a reconstructive transplant program. The authors bring the experience of two centers in…

Introduction Reconstructive surgery has, as its premise, the principle of restoring form and function utilizing surrounding or distant tissues while minimizing morbidity at the donor site. While muscle flaps remain…

Figure 56.1 Perforator flaps in the lateral thoracic region. Introduction The conventional latissimus dorsi muscle or myocutaneous flap has undoubtedly served an important role as one of the most common…

Introduction It is thanks to the illustrious Austrian surgeon, Carl Nicoladoni that the foot began to be considered as a precious warehouse for all requirements of thumb and digital reconstruction….

Figure 57.1 Deep and superficial inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Introduction Since the dawn of plastic surgery, the lower abdominal region has always been a loyal provider of abundant well-perfused…