Introduction Already described in Roman times and in the Middle Ages, and rediscovered by the Swiss dermatologist Robert Muller, ambulatory phlebectomy (AP) is a safe and effective surgical technique that…

Introduction The object of this chapter is to enable the reader to recognize a variety of clinically observable features that underlie the occurrence of successful or unsuccessful results following sclerotherapy….

Introduction The prevalence of venous disease makes it an everyday problem in clinical practice. In recent years, a surge in treatment options available has renewed interest in venous diseases. Phlebology,…

Introduction Chronic venous disorders (CVD) of the lower extremity are common problems caused by venous hypertension. In many cases, CVD are the result of incompetent valves in one or more…

Introduction Venous insufficiency is an extremely common problem. According to the Framingham study, there are more persons in the US with venous insufficiency than with coronary and peripheral artery disease….

Vein problems are probably as old as mankind. Surgery on varicose veins was already practiced two thousand years ago at the times of the Roman Empire and what we call…

Introduction Depending on the size and location of the leg veins to be treated, any of a multitude of therapeutic options may be appropriate. While selecting the correct treatment techniques…

Introduction Venous disease encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic spider veins on the legs, to intermittently bulging branches of the greater saphenous vein extending across the knee,…

Introduction: Organization of Clinical Examination The first step is to investigate the patient’s presenting complaint and history in the context of their general medical and vascular history. The physical examination…

Introduction In order to understand treatment of various venous disorders, it is necessary to know the normal anatomy and function of the venous system of the lower extremities so as…