Key points • Look at the patient: Your eye is the best tool to evaluate both the premorbid injury as well as your repair. It is imperative that you learn…

Key points • Over the past two decades, success achieved by composite tissue allografts (CTA) in restoration of many functional and aesthetic deficits of the face has caused a paradigm…

Key points • The facial skeleton provides the underlying frame for the face, and its configuration influences the facial rejuvenation surgery that should be done. • Age-related changes in the…

Key points • Skin, fat, muscle, fascia, tendon, and bone can all be differentially carried on vascular pedicles from various donor sites in the provision of vascularized tissue to the…

Key points • Structural fillers are very useful in Asian patients to create an oval face with a tapered lower facial third. • Blunt injection cannulas have been associated with…

• Soft tissue evaluation is a crucial step in planning any aesthetic facial procedure. • Patient assessment of all aging components and selection of procedures that address specific patient concerns…

Key points • Facial aging is characterized by fat atrophy and gravitational descent of facial soft tissue. • Careful facial analysis is crucial for optimal outcomes. • Fat grafting provides…

Key points • The anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen are the intraoperative anatomical landmarks to visualize for the level of a subcranial osteotomy. Violation of the frontal bone via an…

Key points • Prosthodontics is the art and science of the aesthetic and functional restoration of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. • Osseointegration is arguably the…

Key points • Augmentation, feminization, masculinization, and other adjustments to the cranium can be done with implants, osteotomies, hydroxyapatite bone cements, and autogenous bone grafts. Soft tissue can further be…