Key Points • A number of different donor sites exist for vascularized lymph node transfer that have near-equivalent success rates in improving the condition of patients suffering from lymphedema. •…
Key Points • Reductive procedures (direct excision with skin grafting or liposuction) alone or as an adjunct are effective in gross reduction of volume; however, they carry significant morbidity. •…
Key Points • Lymphedema is more than mechanical insufficiency due to reduced transport capacity. Lymphedema is an inflammatory edema associated with an increase in the adipose content of the subcutaneous…
Key Points • Lymphedema (surgical) treatment is nowadays tailored to the patient’s needs and even more specifically to the local needs in one affected limb. • Lymphoscintigraphy and near-infrared fluoroscopy…
Key Points • Precise knowledge about normal lymphatic anatomy in the upper and lower extremities can empower practitioners to distinguish structural changes occurring in lymphedema. • Lymphatic anatomy in lymphedema…
Key Points • Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography clearly visualizes superficial lymph flows in real time without ionized radiation exposure. • Dynamic ICG lymphography, dual-phase fluorescent image observation, is important to…
Key Points • Lymphoscintigraphy is an objective and reliable imaging modality for diagnosing lymphedema, categorizing its severity, and guiding appropriate treatment. • The diagnostic utility of lymphoscintigraphy depends upon meticulous…
Key Points • Lymphangiogenesis occurs in four distinct regular phases: lymphatic competence, lymphatic commitment, lymphatic speciation, and lymphatic maturation. • Vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor…
Key Points • The clinician’s role in lymphedema treatment and management is to provide the best diagnosis, treatment plan, and advice as to what will be the most appropriate approach;…
Key Points • Primary extremity lymphedema is a debilitating disease with a reported incidence of 1–3 in every 10,000 births, and it may present with concomitant vascular lesions or retroperitoneal…
