Ankle Block
Ankle Block Andrew Lyons Fred G. Mihm DEFINITION Ankle block is a highly effective peripheral nerve block that results in anesthesia of the entire foot. This block has been shown…
Popliteal Nerve Blocks
Popliteal Nerve Blocks Ming Zhuo-Stine Sarah Madison DEFINITION The popliteal nerve block targets the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa proximal to its bifurcation into the common peroneal and tibial…
Femoral and Adductor Canal Blocks
Femoral and Adductor Canal Blocks Sarah Madison Jean-Louis Horn DEFINITION A peripheral nerve block is an analgesic technique in which local anesthetics are injected percutaneously in proximity to a sensory…
Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures
Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures Nataliya Biskup Brian S. Pan DEFINITION The pediatric facial skeleton is largely protected from fractures due to larger facial fat pads, more malleable bone, and…
Surgical Correction of Pediatric Midface Fractures
Surgical Correction of Pediatric Midface Fractures Eric Lowry Cole Shelby R. Lies DEFINITION Le Fort fracture Le Fort I dentoalveolar separation including pterygoid plates Le Fort II bilateral pyramidal fracture…
Pediatric Orbital Fractures
Pediatric Orbital Fractures James Y. Liau DEFINITION Fractures of the inferior and/or medial orbital wall ANATOMY The orbit consists of seven bones; however, the ones that are involved are invariably…
Surgical Correction of Panfacial Fractures
Surgical Correction of Panfacial Fractures Detlev Erdmann David B. Powers DEFINITION The facial skeleton is composed of four subunits: frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible. Panfacial fractures are defined…
Surgical Correction of Nonunion of Mandible Fracture
Surgical Correction of Nonunion of Mandible Fracture Howard D. Wang Arthur J. Nam Amir H. Dorafshar DEFINITION Nonunion of a mandible fracture occurs when there is a failure of the…
Open Treatment of Condyle Fractures
Open Treatment of Condyle Fractures Michael Lypka DEFINITION Condyle fractures of the mandible refer to a group of fractures involving the condylar head, neck, and base (FIG 1).1 There have…
Management of Mandibular Coronoid Fractures
Management of Mandibular Coronoid Fractures Raja A. Naddaf DEFINITION Mandibular coronoid process fracture is extremely uncommon. In the anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures, coronoid process fractures account only for 0.2%…
