Plastic Surgery Key

Abstract The diagnosis and management of skin diseases affecting the anogenital region can be more challenging, in part because the typical clinical features observed in glabrous skin are often absent….

Abstract Leukoderma and hypopigmentation refer to lightening of the skin, which is classically due to decreased epidermal melanin (hypomelanosis) but may also result from decreased cutaneous blood supply. Melanocytopenic hypomelanosis…

Abstract Alopecia can reflect the loss of hair follicles, loss of hair shafts, or loss of both. Hair follicle loss may be due to follicular agenesis, dysgenesis, or destruction while…

Abstract Disorders of hyperpigmentation usually result from an increase in melanin production, which is occasionally associated with an increased density of active melanocytes. Skin discoloration may also be caused by…

Abstract Developmental anomalies are congenital disorders that represent either malformations due to faulty embryologic development or disruptions caused by damage to normally developing structures. Midline skin lesions on the nose…

Abstract Hypertrichosis is defined as an excessive growth of hairs anywhere on the body. They are often terminal pigmented hairs but can be vellus or lanugo hairs. Hypertrichosis is frequently…

Abstract This chapter describes the clinical features, etiologies, evaluation, and management of ichthyoses and erythrokeratodermas. Both groups represent disorders of cornification in which abnormal differentiation and desquamation of the epidermis…

Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorders characterized by hamartomas and tumors in the skin, eye, central nervous system, and other organs….

Abstract The term “mosaic” refers to individuals composed of cells with different genotypes that are derived from a genetically homogeneous zygote. Mosaicism can be functional (epigenetic) as in lyonization as…

Abstract The major determinant of normal skin color is the activity of melanocytes, i.e. the quantity and quality of pigment production, not the density of melanocytes. Melanocytes contain a unique…