Key points • Descent of the midfacial structures and volume deflation lead to characteristic aging changes, including infraorbital concavity, a defined lower lid–cheek junction and nasolabial line formation. • Complete…
Key points • Early bacterial infection is typical. • Late infection may be atypical – mycobacteria. • Inflammation may be caused by foreign body reaction. • Non-caseating granulomas may occur…
Key points Chief complaints for lower eyelid blepharoplasty • Puffiness • Dark circles • Discolored skin • Excess skin • Loose skin • Wrinkled skin • Crows feet • Baggy…
Key points • The infraorbital rim and adjacent midface skeleton support the lower lid and midface soft tissues. • Young, attractive women have convex midface skeletons with narrow eyeball, short…
Key points • Adequate markings on the skin. • Suitable skin dissection. • SMAS/platysma flap elevation. • Midface treatment. • Skin sutures. Patient selection The decision as to whether to…
Key points • Blepharoptosis, or ptosis, refers to the abnormally low position of the upper eyelid in primary gaze. • Ptosis of the eyelid is usually secondary to involutional changes,…
Key points • Understanding anatomic changes associated with age is essential. • Pre-operative assessment of eyelid tone and tarsoligamentous laxity. • Resect skin, muscle and fat in a conservative fashion….
Key points • Preseptal, preperiosteal transconjunctival approach. • Low risk of postoperative lower eyelid malposition. • Low risk of facial nerve injury. • Restoration and reinforcement of proper lateral canthal…
Key points • The dark circle is due to atrophy of fat between the skin and the dermis. • Replacement of fat or volume in the depths of the nasojugal…
Key points • By the end of the third decade, aging is manifested by skeletonization of the periorbital area. • The aging lower eyelid appears to elongate with increased height…
