Abstract 1. Aesthetic ideals differ between various Asian cultures. The preferred aesthetic enhancement is typically a highlighting of natural ethnic features rather than complete transformation. 2. Fullness, sharp angles, and…
Abstract 1. Transconjunctival blepharoplasty (TCB) is now a mainstream part of aesthetic eyelid rejuvenation. 2. It is a more complex and intricate procedure than its transcutaneous counterpart. 3. Surgery is…
Keywords Ptosis, Blepharoplasty, Levator, Müllerectomy, Müller’s, Eyelid History The evolution of ptosis surgery can be studied and categorized from an anatomical point of view. These categories include skin excision,…
History and Introduction As noted by Pessa, “there are many arbitrary definitions of what constitutes a youthful face but the appearance of youth is not arbitrary; it is simply difficult…
History The brow has historically been overlooked in the rejuvenation of the aging face. The focal procedure of facial rejuvenation has always been the rhytidectomy. Surgical forehead rejuvenation began at…
Introduction Upper blepharoplasty has evolved significantly since its early descriptions focused on rudimentary techniques of skin excision only . In the 20th century, the first detailed description of internal upper…
Over the past 27 years, the endoscopic foreheadplasty has evolved into the procedure of choice for aesthetic surgeons with a goal of rejuvenating the brow-forehead complex. Harmony between brow position,…
Abstract When properly administered to appropriately selected individuals, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) can have a rejuvenating effect on nearly the entire face and neck. Carefully observing the functional anatomy…
Keywords Facial rejuvenation, Fillers, Neuromodulators, Periorbital hollows, Facial aging, Eyebrow, Eyelid Introduction The shift towards less nonsurgical techniques to rejuvenate the periorbital area continues, and patient requests for procedures…
Introduction Facial aging is complex and occurs at all tissue levels, from the underlying skeletal scaffolding, through the musculature, adipose tissue, and skin. Advances in aesthetic medicine now allow us…
