Fig. 13.1 Preoperative and postoperative panoramic radiograph of a 28-year-old female. The mandibular angles were reduced during the prior surgery. The remaining broadness in the chin region was further reduced…
Fig. 10.1 Surgical procedures of the mini V-line surgery Fig. 10.2 Intraoperative photographs of the mini V-line surgery. A horizontal osteotomy line and two vertical osteotomy lines are designed (top…
Fig. 18.1 Preoperative (left) and postoperative (right) views after conventional reduction malarplasty. Note the lack of reduction at the anterolateral malar protrusion, especially at the inferolateral orbital rim area after…
Fig. 17.1 Coronal scalp incision design for reduction malarplasty Surgical Technique The procedure is performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Fiber-optic headlight comes in very handy when illumination of…
Fig. 3.1 Maxillary vestibular approach. The body of the zygomatic bone can be easily approached through an intraoral incision without leaving external scars. The dissection ranges superomedially to the infraorbital…
Fig. 6.1 Evolution of mandible reduction surgery. Mandible reduction surgery has evolved from (a) simple resection of the angular portion to (b) contouring of the total mandible shape as the…
Fig. 5.1 Evolution of mandible reduction surgery. Mandible reduction surgery has evolved from (a) simple resection of the angular portion to (b) contouring of the total mandible shape as the…
Fig. 19.1 Illustration of the mini-zygoma reduction surgery. First, osteotomy of the zygomatic arch is performed through a sideburn incision using a reciprocating saw. Then, osteotomy on the zygomatic body…
Fig. 2.1 The course of inferior alveolar nerve and mental nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve is the largest branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and…
Fig. 4.1 ‘Double-bladed’ reciprocating saws used in reduction malarplasty (a). The width between the blades may vary, ranging from 2 to 7 mm. The saws are used for precise and…
