Introduction Transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming individuals have been a part of all cultures historically, yet the emergence of, and advocacy for, transgender individuals in the Western world have become…
Chest surgery Chest-wall contouring is an important, early surgical step for transmen and may help to facilitate their transition. The goals of chest surgery include the aesthetic contouring of the…
Surgical conversion of the genitalia in transwomen has evolved since the use of skin grafts for creation of a neovagina in cases of vaginal agenesis. The use of pedicled penile…
Embryology Genetic sex is determined at fertilization, either XX or XY. For the first 6 weeks of development, gender is not distinguishable, and this is known as the indifferent period. Characteristic…
Diagnosis Transgender is not a formal diagnosis. Transgender individuals possess persistent concerns, uncertainties, and questions about gender identity. These issues often become the most important aspect of their life and…
Definitions Gender Dysphoria The term gender dysphoria describes a heterogeneous group of individuals who express varying degrees of discomfort with or disassociation from their anatomic gender. Some people with this…
Keywords Ixekizumab, Taltz, Interleukin-17A, Monoclonal antibody, UNCOVER-2, UNCOVER-3 Key points • Ixekizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-17A. • Ixekizumab is more efficacious in the treatment of plaque…
Keywords Janus kinase, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23 Key points • Investigational therapies aim to inhibit the specific immunologic mechanisms behind plaque psoriasis without widely affecting the normal immune…
Keywords Biosimilar, Inflectra, Remsima, CT-P13, Infliximab-dyyb Key points • Through the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation act, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has defined a biosimilar as…
Keywords Psoriasis, Combination, Acitretin, Cyclosporine, Methotrexate, Biologics, Etanercept, Adalimumab Key points • Combination therapies of biologics and systemic agents for psoriasis treatment can potentially enhance efficacy of treatment, increase…
