Anatomic studies have identified that patients with Treacher Collins syndrome and some cases of bilateral craniofacial microsomia are characterized by multilevel airway obstruction as a result of hypoplasia and clockwise…
Severe midface hypoplasia is often managed by Le Fort III distraction. Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning is a modification of the Le Fort III distraction operation aimed to…
Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis is a powerful, reliable, low-morbidity method to achieve intracranial expansion. It is particularly useful in treating turribrachycephaly seen in syndromic craniosynostosis, allowing for gradual expansion…
The Le Fort III advancement was first described in 1950 and has since become a key technique in the armamentarium of craniofacial surgeons. The application of distraction osteogenesis to the…
Maxillary hypoplasia is a commonly seen dentofacial anomaly in patients with cleft lip and palate after surgical repair of the cleft anomaly. To facilitate large horizontal movements of the maxilla,…
Alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) has been used for the reconstruction of atrophic alveolus for decades. The advantage of this technique is that it augments the bone and soft tissues together,…
Phenotypic severity dictates the timing and type of surgical intervention required. Mandibular distraction in children without respiratory and feeding difficulties remains controversial with regard to long-term mandibular growth outcomes and…
Pierre Robin sequence is defined by the clinical triad: mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a standard treatment of Robin sequence associated with severe airway…
Introduction The first forehead lift procedures were performed using an “open” technique in which long incisions on the scalp or along the frontal hairline were made, a forehead flap was…
