Surgical Correction of Pediatric Midface Fractures Eric Lowry Cole Shelby R. Lies DEFINITION Le Fort fracture Le Fort I dentoalveolar separation including pterygoid plates Le Fort II bilateral pyramidal fracture…
Pediatric Orbital Fractures James Y. Liau DEFINITION Fractures of the inferior and/or medial orbital wall ANATOMY The orbit consists of seven bones; however, the ones that are involved are invariably…
Surgical Correction of Panfacial Fractures Detlev Erdmann David B. Powers DEFINITION The facial skeleton is composed of four subunits: frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible. Panfacial fractures are defined…
Surgical Correction of Nonunion of Mandible Fracture Howard D. Wang Arthur J. Nam Amir H. Dorafshar DEFINITION Nonunion of a mandible fracture occurs when there is a failure of the…
Open Treatment of Condyle Fractures Michael Lypka DEFINITION Condyle fractures of the mandible refer to a group of fractures involving the condylar head, neck, and base (FIG 1).1 There have…
Management of Mandibular Coronoid Fractures Raja A. Naddaf DEFINITION Mandibular coronoid process fracture is extremely uncommon. In the anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures, coronoid process fractures account only for 0.2%…
Open Treatment of Mandible Fractures Joseph Baylan H. Peter Lorenz DEFINITION Mandible fractures are one of the most common facial bone fractures. Without adequate treatment, fractures of the mandible can…
Maxillomandibular Fixation of Mandible Fractures Joseph Baylan Dana Johns DEFINITION Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) can be used independently for closed reduction or in combination with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)…
Correction of Le Fort III Fractures Joseph Lopez Amir H. Dorafshar DEFINITION Le Fort III type fracture lines classically transverse the horizontal and vertical buttresses of the face, separating the…
Correction of Le Fort I Fracture Ananth S. Murthy DEFINITION The maxilla forms most of the middle third of the facial skeleton. It is attached to the zygomatic bone and…
