Tissue Expansion for Congenital Nevi
Tissue Expansion for Congenital Nevi Lee W. T. Alkureishi Bruce S. Bauer DEFINITION Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are the most common congenital nevi. They are usually present at birth, but…
Tessier 3 and 4 Clefts (Nasal-Cheek Region)
Tessier 3 and 4 Clefts (Nasal-Cheek Region) Philip Kuo-Ting Chen Vikram S. Pandit DEFINITION The Tessier no. 3 facial cleft occurs at the junction of the frontonasal and maxillary process….
Tessier 7—Macrostomia Repair
Tessier 7—Macrostomia Repair Patrick A. Gerety Scott P. Bartlett DEFINITION Macrostomia—enlarged oral aperture-related clefting of the oral commissure Tessier 7 cleft—lateral (transverse) facial cleft from the oral commissure to the…
Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty
Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Ali Totonchi Ji H. Son DEFINITION Rhinoplasty remains one of the most challenging plastic surgery procedures for cleft patients. These patients present years after the initial cleft…
Palatal Fistula
Palatal Fistula Gregory D. Pearson DEFINITION A fistula is defined as an epithelialized tract between two cavities that are not meant to be communicating. A palatal fistula is an abnormal…
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Jennifer L. McGrath Arun K. Gosain DEFINITION Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) refers to a structural inadequacy of the velopharyngeal apparatus, resulting in inadequate closure of the velopharyngeal port during…
Sommerlad Palatoplasty
Sommerlad Palatoplasty T. Guy Thorburn DEFINITION Cleft palate repairs can be broadly classified into straightline repairs (such as the Sommerlad technique) vs Z-plasty repairs (such as the Furlow technique). Otto…
Secondary Deformities
Secondary Deformities Catharine B. Garland Jesse Goldstein Joseph E. Losee DEFINITION After cleft lip and nose reconstruction, secondary deformities of the lip and nose are common. The actual incidence of…
Tongue-Lip Adhesion/Floor of Mouth Muscle Release for Pierre Robin Sequence
Tongue-Lip Adhesion/Floor of Mouth Muscle Release for Pierre Robin Sequence Chad A. Purnell Arun K. Gosain DEFINITION Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a clinical triad of glossoptosis, retrognathia, and airway…
Two-Flap Palatoplasty
Two-Flap Palatoplasty David K. Chong Kathryn V. Isaac Kenneth E. Salyer DEFINITION Cleft palate is the failure of fusion of the palatal shelves during embryological development. Cleft palate may occur…
