Introduction The surgical management of adult brachial plexus injury (A-BPI) reconstruction has evolved substantially over the last century. The advancement of the operative microscope and surgical loupe magnification, micro-instruments and…
Introduction Perineal and urogenital reconstruction has particular challenges due to the anatomic and functional complexity and differences between the male and female genitalia. Furthermore, genital defects and abnormalities are associated…
Introduction The structure of the chest and back serves multiple functions that are important to be aware of and maintain during reconstruction. The chest and back protect the vital heart,…
Introduction The need for soft tissue coverage in abdominal wall reconstruction implies a lack of tissue beyond the availability of local tissue to be recruited to resurface the defect. As…
Introduction Autologous options for breast reconstruction have greatly expanded since the initial descriptions of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap. In many ways,…
Introduction and Historic Review Facial paralysis (FP) is a devastating condition which strips the human face from all emotional expressivity, leading to severe consequences in the quality of life, interpersonal…
Introduction The reconstructive microsurgeon is often consulted for management of lower extremity bone and soft tissue defects. Defects can arise from multiple causes, including trauma, oncologic resection, infection, or pre-existing…
Introduction Reconstructive microsurgery of the upper extremity requires detailed knowledge of the regional anatomy of the arm, forearm and hand. Specific familiarity with the anatomy of the neurovascular structures allows…
Introduction The head and neck is a unique anatomic region of the human body with specialized function. The sophisticated arrangement of multiple tissue types comprises unique physical traits from individual…
Introduction Up until recently, lymphedema has largely remained on the sidelines of microsurgery. For many years, most microsurgeons avoided lymphatic reconstruction because of inconsistent results, lack of published data, and…
