RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Definition: Inflammatory arthritis characterized by morning stiffness, subcutaneous nodules, and laboratory abnormalities (+ rheumatoid factor in 70%). B. Affects 6% of women and 2% of men of…
TRAUMA AND OPTIONS FOR RECONSTRUCTION I. GOALS A. Form: Major component of body image B. Function: Provides stability, organ of sensation, mobility. An intact leg without function is a hindrance to rehabilitation and…
NERVE INJURIES I. PERIPHERAL NERVE ANATOMY (See Fig. 1-2) A. Nerve fiber: The fundamental unit of the peripheral nervous system, which may be motor, sensory, or motor–sensory (mixed) 1. Motor (efferent) nerve fibers…
I. OVERVIEW OF CONGENITAL UPPER EXTREMITY ANOMALIES A. Incidence 1. Approximately 0.2% of all live births 2. Most common: Syndactyly, polydactyly, and camptodactyly 3. 95% sporadic 4. Frequently associated with cardiac, hematopoietic, and tumorous conditions due…
PHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS I. CHEMISTRY A. Local anesthetic (LA) molecules consist of three components, each of which contributes distinct properties to the molecule: 1. Aromatic ring: Determines lipid solubility and hence potency….
I. EYELID ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (FIG. 19-1) A. The primary function of the eyelids is protection of the globe. B. The upper eyelid is dynamic, whereas the lower eyelid acts as a static…
I. AIRWAY A. Mallampati scores (Fig. 59-1): A high Mallampati score (either 3 or 4) is associated with more difficult mask ventilation and intubation. 1. Class I: Full visibility of tonsils, uvula, and…
GENERAL PRINCIPLES I. ANATOMY Bones of the hand and wrist depicted in Figure 39-1 II. CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES A. Multiple classification schemes 1. There is at least one classification for each bone fractured in…
I. DEVELOPMENT A. Structures are derived from 1. Mesoderm (wolffian/müllerian ducts) 2. Endoderm (cloaca, membrane) 3. Ectoderm (external genitalia) B. Wolffian ducts: Epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles C. Müllerian ducts: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper two-third…
