Fig. 16.1 PIH 2 months following QS Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser using convention treatment protocol for treating melasma. This patient was treated with QS Nd:YAG 1064 nm 4 ns pulsed duration…
Fig. 31.1 Spectral signature and irradiance in mW/cm2 of three test lamps with mixed outputs used in PPT study 1 (a) VL lamp, (b) UVA tubes, and (c) IR bulb…
Parameters for assessing stability of vitiligo Consensus recommendation of IADVLa taskforce on stability [5] History of progression The absence of new lesions No new lesions Extension of old lesions…
Fig. 8.1 Melasma area and severity index (MASI). A area, D darkness, H homogeneity MASI total score = 0:3 × A (forehead) × (D + H) (forehead) + 0:3 ×…
Fig. 15.1 (a) Before 70 % glycolic acid peels (b) after 4 biweekly sessions of 70 % glycolic acid peels Mild desquamation. Uneven penetration into the skin. Neutralization with sodium…
Fig. 5.1 (a–e) Sites of predilection of melasma: centrofacial (a), malar (b), mandibular (c), forearm extensor (d), upper chest (e) Fig. 5.2 (a) Centrofacial melasma, (b) malar melasma, (c) mandibular…
Fig. 4.1 Immunostaining for NKI-beteb and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 before and after treatment with a combination of soybean extract and niacinamide for 8 weeks. Immunostaining for (a) NKI-beteb before treatment…
Topicals Chemical peels Lasers and lights Transdermal drug delivery modes Retinoids Glycolic acid ND:Yag (QS and long pulsed) Skin needling Hydroquinone Salicylic acid QS ruby Microneedling Corticosteroids Jessner’s QS alexandrite…
Fig. 11.1 Schematic depiction of melanogenesis in melanocytes. Tyrosinase (TYR), a key enzyme in melanogenesis, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and PMEL17 are melanogenesis-related proteins involved in pigmentation disorders,…
Fig. 32.1 Vitiligo on the hands (a), camouflaged with application of dihydroxyacetone (b) Frequent applications of DHA are required to maintain desired effect as the normal epidermal turnover exfoliates the…
