Bites and Stings
Abstract Bites and stings are common and cause human disease through direct toxic effects of the venom, immune responses, and vector-borne infections. The chapter discusses the evaluation and treatment of…
Mycobacterial Infections
Abstract This chapter discusses leprosy, tuberculosis, and non-tuberculous mycobacterioses that can present with cutaneous lesions. Leprosy, a chronic infection with Mycobacterium leprae , is a slowly progressive disease with a…
Ultraviolet Radiation
Abstract Exposure of the skin to UV light leads to both acute, short-term effects (sunburn and tanning) and chronic, long-term effects (photocarcinogenesis and photoaging), all of which are wavelength-dependent. All…
Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection
Abstract This chapter reviews the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic and the broad spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic skin conditions that may occur in the setting of HIV-induced immune…
Environmental and Sports-Related Skin Diseases
Abstract Cutaneous lesions may develop as a result of a variety of environmental insults from heat or cold exposure to water immersion and electricity. Injuries to the skin can also…
Rickettsial Diseases
Abstract Members of the order Rickettsiales are small, obligately intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria that reside within an arthropod host (tick, flea, louse, or mite) during part of their life cycle. At…
Anogenital (Non-venereal) Disease
Abstract The diagnosis and management of skin diseases affecting the anogenital region can be more challenging, in part because the typical clinical features observed in glabrous skin are often absent….
Vitiligo and Other Disorders of Hypopigmentation
Abstract Leukoderma and hypopigmentation refer to lightening of the skin, which is classically due to decreased epidermal melanin (hypomelanosis) but may also result from decreased cutaneous blood supply. Melanocytopenic hypomelanosis…
Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
Abstract Disorders of hyperpigmentation usually result from an increase in melanin production, which is occasionally associated with an increased density of active melanocytes. Skin discoloration may also be caused by…
