Free tissue transfer to the lower extremity for limb salvage remains challenging. A comprehensive approach includes patient selection, flap selection, selection of the recipient vessels, flap dissection, flap preparation, microvascular…
Improved knowledge of vascular anatomy has enabled surgeons to preoperatively identify perforators and design free-style flaps based on that perforator. Options for choosing the optimal donor site tissues are increased…
Medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a thin, pliable, and versatile flap. It is a fasciocutaneous flap with chimeric design capacity. The donor site permits the synchronous harvesting of…
The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap is evolved from the groin flap, which was one of the early free flaps with a good concealed donor site. By further understanding…
The perforator-plus flap is a new concept for lower extremity reconstruction. It combines a perforator flap with a traditional skin rotation flap. It can be another option for lower extremity…
Locoregional flaps play an important role in soft tissue reconstruction of the lower extremity and should be considered an effective option in soft tissue reconstruction. The medial hemisoleus muscle flap…
The freestyle local perforator flap is an advanced version of the conventional island pedicle flap. Intramuscular dissection can provide a longer pedicle, which allows restoration of defects that are future…
Propeller flaps represent an outstanding alternative to conventional pedicled and free flap options in lower extremity reconstruction, offering significant advantages over the latter. An understanding of the perforasome concept, hot…
A combined surgical and orthodontic approach to midface and mandibular distraction optimizes stability and outcomes. Orthodontic considerations include proper planning of the distraction vector, appropriate device use, and thorough follow-up…
The introduction of distraction osteogenesis to frontofacial monobloc advancement has increased the safety of the procedure. One hundred forty-seven patients with syndromic craniosynostosis underwent frontofacial monobloc advancement using 4 internal…
