Psychology of facial aesthetics
• Darwin’s description of the theory of natural selection is one of the earliest scientific acknowledgments of the importance of physical appearance. • Evolutionary theorists believe that the ability to…
Aesthetic plastic surgery
Relationship between the soft tissue and the skeletal framework
Key points • The visible surgical result is related to the soft tissue envelope and not the underlying skeletal structures that support the facial surfaces and volumes. • Predicting how…
The importance of patient-reported outcomes in aesthetic skeletal facial surgery
Key points • Patient-reported outcome instruments (PROIs) are questionnaires that measure concepts by asking patients directly, without clinician interpretation, and should be used to measure procedural outcomes. • The FACE-Q…
Perspectives of facial aesthetics
Key points • The patient’s perspective and desire must be understood and discussed in detail because they might be different from that of the surgeon’s. • Dental evaluation is crucially…
Aesthetic facial skeletal surgery—evolution of thought and technique
• The evolution of techniques in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery has led to safe and efficacious surgery of the facial soft tissue, the natural extension of which was surgery purely to…
Revision Breast Augmentation—Correction of Implant Malposition and Rippling
Introduction The best way to treat a complication, is to avoid it. Unknown expert surgeon Breast augmentation is a common operation, and it has been estimated that there are currently…
Mastopexy—Inverted T Approach
Introduction Breast ptosis is one of the most common issues seen for evaluation in a plastic surgeon’s office. It can be developmental or more commonly acquired, secondary to weight loss,…
Mastopexy—Vertical Approach
Introduction Commonly, mastopexy is understood to be synonymous with “breast lift.” Among plastic surgeons, a mastopexy has been traditionally understood to mean a skin tightening procedure, certainly for a skin-only…
Correction of Congenital Breast Asymmetry
Introduction Congenital breast asymmetry can be relatively common among young women. , Although tuberous breast deformity, Poland syndrome, and structural chest wall deformities can be considered reconstructive, less extensive congenital…
Correction of Gynecomastia
Introduction Gynecomastia is defined as benign glandular enlargement of the male breast, its hallmark location being a concentric mass directly beneath the nipple. , It can consist of various proportions…
