• There are lateral and vertical vectors of glabellar frowning. • Glabellar frown vectors are controlled by different muscle groups with unique innervation. • Unique innervations patterns can be identified…
• Surgical techniques can only indirectly improve textural changes of aging, particularly in difficult areas such as the perioral region. • Standard approaches such as the Baker-Gordon peel and laser…
Key points • Fat grafting provides a less invasive, more anatomic rejuvenation of the aging face by replacing missing volume. As such, the risks associated with open facial procedures are…
• Dermabrasion is an effective and economical modality to minimize the appearance of mild to moderate facial rhytids, especially around the mouth. • Dermabrasion can be performed under local and…
Key Points • Resorption may be less with autogenous lower lid spacers. • Ear cartilage is very effective but may be visible over time. • Allogeneic spacers avoid donor site…
Key points • Transpalpebral temporal lateral and supraorbital adhesion release. • Browlift. • Transpalpebral corrugator myectomy. • Transpalpebral midface lift. • Muscular suspension canthopexy. Patient selection The transpalpebral approach to…
Key points • Blepharoplasty remains one of the most common aesthetic procedures, and knowledge of the potential complications and treatment based upon a post-operative timeframe is essential. • Retrobulbar hemorrhage…
Key points • Descent of the midfacial structures and volume deflation lead to characteristic aging changes, including infraorbital concavity, a defined lower lid–cheek junction and nasolabial line formation. • Complete…
Key points • Early bacterial infection is typical. • Late infection may be atypical – mycobacteria. • Inflammation may be caused by foreign body reaction. • Non-caseating granulomas may occur…
Key points Chief complaints for lower eyelid blepharoplasty • Puffiness • Dark circles • Discolored skin • Excess skin • Loose skin • Wrinkled skin • Crows feet • Baggy…
