Facial Feminization Surgery and Facial Gender Confirmation Surgery
Acknowledgments To our team, our families, and our patients. Introduction From a very early age, everyone is able to recognize whether a face is male or female, long before learning…
Breast and Chest Surgery for Transgender Patients
Introduction Breast or chest surgery, specifically either augmentation mammaplasty or mastectomy/chest reconstruction, are commonly requested procedures in the transgender and gender diverse population. The overarching goal of such surgeries is…
Overview of Surgery for Transgender Patients
Introduction Gender affirmation surgery (formerly called sex reassignment surgery) may be sought by transgender individuals to physically change their sexual characteristics to affirm their gender identity. While not all transgender…
Disorders of Sexual Development
Introduction Disorders of sexual development (DSD)―a less derogatory term than intersex―are a heterogenous group of conditions characterized by aberrant chromosomal, gonadal, and/or anatomic sex with widely varying genotypic and phenotypic…
Hormone Treatment for the Adolescent Transgender Patient
Foreword While it is still a different era than anyone born before 1965 can remember, much is left to be done to optimize care of transgender youth. Whether to include…
Hormone Treatment for the Adult Transgender Patient
Introduction Transgender medicine is a developing field of medicine that spans multiple subspecialties. Transgender individuals are defined as those whose gender identity differs from the assigned sex recorded for them…
Mental Health Care for the Child and Adolescent Transgender Patient
Introduction The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community has built tremendous momentum in raising awareness of its presence in our communities, and in the past several decades we have…
Mental Health Care for the Adult Transgender Patient
Introduction Transgender identity is not a mental illness; however, mental health assessment and care is an integral part of transgender care. Transgender people may present with gender dysphoria, for help…
An Introduction to Gender Diversity
Introduction Transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming individuals have been a part of all cultures historically, yet the emergence of, and advocacy for, transgender individuals in the Western world have become…
Dermal and Subcutaneous Tumors
Vascular tumors range from red to blue, depending on the degree of vascular stasis and deoxygenation of hemoglobin. When associated with thrombosis or consumptive coagulopathy, the lesions often become hard…
