The burned hand
Introduction The hand is crucial to functioning in many daily living tasks, which are required for self-care and needs of work. It is core to one’s aesthetics and communication. With…
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Reconstruction of the burned neck
Introduction In the 20th century, there were significant improvements in burn care. This resulted in an emphasis on morbidity over mortality. Involvement of the head and neck occurs in approximately…
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Reconstruction of the contracted elbow postburn
Introduction Irrespective of burn etiology, joints are rarely involved in burn injuries. Yet, burns can often impair the function of joints. Postburn, joint dysfunction can result from hypertrophy, contraction of…
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Lip, mouth, nose, and face reconstruction
Introduction Reconstruction of the face after burn injuries presents some of the most complex and formidable challenges in plastic surgery. Facial burn wounds and deformities and their treatment often have…
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Periorbital burn management
Introduction Anatomy The eyelid comprises four layers ( Fig. 57.1 ). From superficial to deep, they are (1) the skin; (2) the orbicularis oculi muscle, which make up the anterior…
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Flap reconstruction using microsurgery
Advantage of flaps for secondary burn reconstruction Hypertrophic scars/scar contractures (HS/SC) result from dermal inflammation. During wound healing, inflammation is necessary to accelerate collagen production and angiogenesis. However, this inflammation…
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Clinical lasers and burn scar management
History of light-based therapies in medicine The first records on using light for medical purposes date back to ancient Egypt (4000 BC), describing topical natural photosensitizer paired with sunlight for…
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The pediatric burned patient—optimizing acute burn care for prevention of postburn sequalae
Introduction Most burn injuries in the United States are minor and treated in the outpatient setting in urgent care or emergency departments. The American Burn Association (ABA) Burn Injury Summary…
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The evolution of cell-based therapies for cutaneous repair
Introduction The restoration of skin integrity is fundamental in the treatment of burn injuries. Skin is a complex, multilayered, multifunctional structure that, in normal conditions, is maintained by both the…
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Skin substitutes: Surgical application in major burns and scar resurfacing
1. Introduction Burns disrupt the protective skin barrier, compromising the range of vital protective and homeostatic functions. Early excision of major burns has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Burn…
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