Clinical indications and use
Abstract Botulinum toxin is used for cosmetic (45%) and noncosmetic (55%) indications. It is effective as a skeletal muscle relaxant, an antispasticity agent, for essential tremor and for trigeminal neuralgia….
Botulinum toxin: Mode of action and serotypes
Abstract Botulinum toxin comprises a light and a heavy chain protein molecule. The heavy chain attaches the molecule to the nerve membrane, allowing the light chain to reach the site…
Liposuction, Ultrasound-assisted and Powered: Fat Reduction
Key Messages • Tumescent liposuction was developed and continues to be widely practiced by dermatologic surgeons • The tumescent local anesthesia offers significant safety benefits over general anesthesia • Ultrasonic…
Subcision: Cellulite Reduction
Key Messages • Subcision is a simple procedure to correct depressed cellulite lesions • There is relationship between fibrous septa and depressed lesions, as shown in the literature • Performed…
Lasers and Lights: Cellulite Reduction
Key Messages • Laser and light-based modalities are one of the latest advances in the treatment of cellulite • External light irradiation has the capacity to trigger a photobiomodulatory effect…
Radiofrequency and Ultrasound: Cellulite Reduction
Key Messages • Radiofrequency and ultrasound devices are at the forefront of medical advances in the treatment of cellulite • Radiofrequency generates heat in the tissue, resulting in shrinkage of…
Injectable Fat-reducing Therapies: Fat Reduction
Key Messages • Adipocytolysis refers to the subcutaneous injection of chemicals, such as the detergent sodium deoxycholate, which ablates or lyses rather than shrinks fat cells • Injection lipolysis, otherwise…
Cellulite: Anatomy, Etiology, Treatment Indications
Key Messages • Cellulite is an architectural condition of human adipose tissue • Cellulite is characterized by a padded and nodular appearance of the skin in cellulite-prone areas, such as…
Massage/Mechanical Techniques: Cellulite Reduction
The etiology of cellulite has long been debated and several mechanisms have been proposed. While still controversial, understanding the pathophysiology behind cellulite is key when developing potential therapeutic treatments. This…
Radiofrequency Treatment: Fat Reduction
Key Messages • Radiofrequency (RF) devices are a recent advancement in noninvasive technology designed to reduce the appearance of fat. Often, they are based on the emission of an electromagnetic…
