5 Breast Deformities
10.1055/b-0034-66789 5 Breast Deformities As mentioned earlier, the breast—viewed as a fundamental symbol of femininity—is extremely important in a woman’s life, forming an integral part of her physical and psychological…
6.2 Latissimus Dorsi Flap
10.1055/b-0034-66792 6.2 Latissimus Dorsi Flap Principles The discovery and use of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction during the early and mid-1970s by German plastic surgeons (Mühlbauer and…
4 Mastopexy and Reduction Mammaplasty
10.1055/b-0034-66788 4 Mastopexy and Reduction Mammaplasty The indications for mastopexy or reduction mammaplasty are based on the physical examination as well as the patient’s individual aesthetic perception. While some patients…
9 Modified Radical Mastectomy
10.1055/b-0034-86526 9 Modified Radical Mastectomy Indications Breast-conserving surgery is now regarded throughout the world as being the standard procedure for the treatment of breast cancer. However, if it is contraindicated,…
6.1 Implants/Expanders
10.1055/b-0034-66791 6.1 Implants/Expanders The technique of tissue expansion, which was introduced by Radovan in the 1980 s and further developed by Argenta, paved the way for the use of implants…
6.4 SGAP Flap
10.1055/b-0034-66794 6.4 SGAP Flap[Gagnon\, Alain R., Blondeel\, Phillip N.] It is well accepted that autogenous breast reconstruction can provide the most natural and long-lasting results. Nowadays, the abdomen constitutes the…
3 Augmentation Mammaplasty
10.1055/b-0034-66787 3 Augmentation Mammaplasty Breast augmentation with implants has become one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures, and the numbers of procedures are increasing. The Breast Implant Registry…
6.5 Free Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis Flap
10.1055/b-0034-66795 6.5 Free Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis Flap[Schoeller\, Thomas, Wechselberger\, Gottfried] The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap is a relatively new method in breast reconstruction. Although it was first described by…
7 Reconstruction of the Nipple–Areola Complex
10.1055/b-0034-86524 7 Reconstruction of the Nipple–Areola Complex The final step in breast reconstruction is to recreate the nipple–areola complex (NAC). Although many patients initially think that this step is unnecessary,…
6.6 Bilateral Breast Reconstruction
10.1055/b-0034-66796 6.6 Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Bilateral reconstructive procedures have the advantage that symmetrical breast shape and volume (important to a satisfactory outcome) are more easily achieved than in unilateral reconstruction….
