Removal of Tattoos and Permanent Makeup
History of Tattooing The history of tattooing dates back to a time as ancient as civilization itself, when this highly symbolic method of expression afforded more than a mere touch…
History of Tattooing The history of tattooing dates back to a time as ancient as civilization itself, when this highly symbolic method of expression afforded more than a mere touch…
Why Complications Occur Complications occur as a result of different factors, some controllable and others unpredictable. To better understand the intrinsic risk of any ablative treatment, laser–tissue interaction and the…
Scar Laser Physics We do not fully understand the biological basis by which scars improve after laser therapy. Scarring is a tissue response, acquired during the second trimester of fetal…
Historical Perspectives Hair removal is one of the most common cosmetic procedures performed today. In 2009, industry revenue for hair removal, either personally or by a practitioner, totaled approximately $244…
Melanin, hemoglobin, and water are the three chromophores targeted in skin-directed laser therapy. In normal skin, melanin is produced by melanocytes, transferred to keratinocytes, and confined to the epidermis. Hemoglobin…
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Introduction Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions in adolescents and adults, and has been reported to affect up to 80% of individuals between the ages of…
Completion of desquamation usually develops as edema resolves and may take from 4 to 7 days.6 Deep peeling may take as long as 14 days to heal well enough to…
Photoaging In order to understand how to treat facial aging, one needs to understand how the skin ages. Skin changes occur as a result of genetic factors (intrinsic aging) and…
Quantitative comprehensive grading scale of rhytids, laxity, and photoaging Grading scale Descriptive parameters Categories of skin aging and photodamage Rhytids Laxity Elastosis Dyschromia Erythema/ Telangiectasia (E/T) Keratoses Texture 0.00 None…