Vulval Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Fig. 20.1 Vulval angiomata 20.3 Vulval Infection One of the more common reasons for women between puberty and the menopause to have vulval symptoms is infection and in particular due…
Changes in Nails Caused by Aging
Fig. 13.1 Nail’s anatomy (Publication authorized by Romiti et al. [30]) The vascularity of the nail apparatus occurs through the digital arteries, which run along the sides of the fingers…
Female-Specific Pruritus from Childhood to Postmenopause: Clinical Features, Hormonal Factors, and Treatment Considerations
Vulvar skin type Epithelial characteristics Associated diseases Labia majora and outer minora Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Psoriasis Eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands Lichen sclerosus Allergic and irritant dermatitis Atopic eczema…
Hair Changes Caused by Aging
Fig. 12.1 Fetal development of the hair follicle During the second quarter, the peripheral epithelial cells are separated from the central epithelial cells in the hair bulb, thus forming the…
Menopause and Aging Skin in the Elderly
Thickness and degree of hydration of the epidermis Dunn et al. (1997) [13] Composition and production of sphingolipids Lucki and Sewer (2010) [53] Content of glycosaminoglycans Stevenson and Thornton (2007)…
Menopause and Oxidative Stress
Physical symptoms and signs Psychological Systemic Skin and hair Hot flushes Anxiety Atherosclerosis Dryness Headache Humor alterations Cardiovascular disease Decreased collagen content Nocturnal wet Sadness Osteoporosis and osteopenia Reduction in…
Skin and Menopause
Fig. 2.1 Effects of estrogen deficiency 2.3 Estrogen Estrogen, the main steroid responsible for the secondary gender characteristics in females, affects most systems in the body. The skin is the…
Implications of the Vulvar Sensitive Skin Syndrome After Menopause
1. Normally high vulvar transepidermal water loss 2. Normally high vulvar friction coefficient 3. Naturally high vulvar skin hydration 4. Persistent exposure to environmental irritants, rubbing, etc 5. Tendency for…
What Is Menopause? An Overview of Physiological Changes
Fig. 1.1 Relationship between different time periods surrounding the menopause. (Reproduced, with permission of the publisher, from World Health Organization Scientific Group. Research on the menopause in the 1990s [5])…
The Menopausal Transition and Women’s Health
Fig. 31.1 Proposed staging system for the menopausal transition (Reprinted from fertility and sterility, 76/5, Soules et al. [26], Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier) Mitchell and colleagues modified their…
