Plastic Surgery Key

Introduction Breast conservation therapy (BCT) may be considered a mainstay therapy for early-stage breast cancer and an oncological equivalent to mastectomy in selected cases. As reviewed elsewhere in this text,…

Introduction Over the last two decades breast-conserving treatment (BCT), consisting of breast-conserving surgery (BCS), radiation therapy (RT), and axillary node sampling, is emerging as the treatment of choice for many…

Introduction Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), or subcutaneous mastectomy, combines a skin-sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), with the possibility of intraoperative pathological assessment of adjacent tissue. Immediate reconstruction…

Introduction There has been a significant increase in the popularity of mammaplasty techniques being used for the reconstruction of partial mastectomy defects prior to breast irradiation for women with early-stage…

Introduction The desire of many patients to preserve their breasts regardless of the cosmetic outcome has led to a more aggressive use of partial mastectomy, with more extensive local resections…

Introduction For most of the 20th century, mastectomy was the surgical treatment of choice for breast cancer. Mastectomy is a disfiguring operation. Umberto Veronesi introduced breast conservation in the 1970s…