Chapter 9 A Historical Analysis of Beliefs Supporting Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Hera Cook Introduction For female cosmetic genital surgery (FCGS) to become a viable practice, major changes had to…
Chapter 8 Choice and Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Clare Chambers I google ‘labiaplasty’.1 The first result is for “MYA Labiaplasty – Join 1000s of Happy Patients.” Clicking on the link,…
Chapter 7 The Law and Ethics of Female Genital Cutting Arianne Shahvisi and Brian D. Earp Introduction Nontherapeutic female genital cutting (FGC) typically conjures associations of gender oppression and child…
Chapter 6 Clinical Evidence of the Effects of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Lina Michala Introduction Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) is advertised widely. The rise in uptake of FGCS [1]…
Chapter 5 Techniques of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Angelica Kavouni Ion and Sarah M. Creighton Introduction Female cosmetic genital surgery (FGCS), sometimes referred to as vaginal rejuvenation, is an umbrella…
Chapter 4 The History of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery in the United States From Marginal to Mainstream Sarah B. Rodriguez “Is female genital cosmetic surgery going mainstream?” So queried the…
Chapter 3 Selling a Perfect Vulva? Selling a ‘Normal’ Vulva! Virginia Braun A surgeon says women are getting designer vagina surgery to look better in leggings Let us preface this…
Chapter 2 Female Genital Anatomy Naomi S. Crouch Introduction The vulva is a poorly described and understood part of a woman’s body. Part of this may reflect historical social construct:…
Chapter 1 Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Solution in Pursuit of Problem Lih-Mei Liao and Sarah M. Creighton Background Socially motivated female genital cutting has a long history in Europe. According…
