Introduction One-stage breast augmentation combined with mastopexy is a challenging operation with numerous potential complications. Augmentation expands the breast volume, and mastopexy reduces the skin envelope; thus, these operations produce…
Introduction Breast reduction and breast lift are widely performed procedures, with over 100,969 surgeries reported by American Society of Plastic Surgeons members in 2016. Patients seek surgery not only for…
Introduction Gender dysphoria, quite often referred to as gender identity disorder, is defined by an individual’s persistent discomfort with his or her own assigned sex. Individuals with gender identity disorder…
Introduction With the ongoing rise of obesity in the United States a greater emphasis is placed on the importance of weight loss, diet, and exercise. A weight loss of more…
Introduction Capsular contracture has for decades been the most common complication associated with aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Although the exact mechanism or cause is still unclear, many causes have…
Introduction The best way to treat a complication, is to avoid it. Unknown expert surgeon Breast augmentation is a common operation, and it has been estimated that there are currently…
Introduction Complications continue to be a problem in breast implant surgery with the original prospective meta-analyses (PMAs) studies showing complications and revision rates as high as 30% ( Fig. 12.1…
Introduction Mastopexy is the surgical technique mostly employed for modification of volume, compaction, and repositioning of the breast mound. The harmonious combination of proportion, position, and projection requires a dermoglandular…
Introduction Breast augmentation using implants has been an important part of plastic surgery practice since the first breast implant was developed in 1963. More recently, some leading plastic surgeons have…
Introduction Breast augmentation with fat has evolved over the past 12 years. According to the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, fat transfer to the breast dramatically increased 41% over…
