Soft Tissue Flaps for Maxillary Reconstruction Ahmed M. Hashem Brian R. Gastman DEFINITION Maxillary reconstruction is the process of rebuilding and coverage of midface and cheek defects. Tissue loss often…
Calvarial Reconstruction With Split Rib Grafts David A. Staffenberg Gerald J. Cho DEFINITION The rib cage is made up of paired ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae acting to protect and…
Calvarial Reconstruction With Split Calvarial Grafts David A. Staffenberg Gerald J. Cho DEFINITION Split calvarial grafts are cortical bone grafts harvested from the skull. These grafts can be either partial-thickness…
Scalp Reconstruction With Tissue Expansion Finny George Evan Matros DEFINITION Tissue expansion is the process by which an external force is applied to recruit the viscoelastic properties of the scalp…
Scalp Reconstruction With Free Flaps Finny George Evan Matros DEFINITION Free tissue transfer using microsurgical techniques is considered the highest rung on the reconstructive ladder and is generally reserved for…
Scalp Reconstruction With Rotation Flaps Finny George Evan Matros DEFINITION The scalp serves as a protective layer for underlying deep structures including the calvarium and brain. It plays an equally…
Management of Facial Lacerations John G. Fernandez DEFINITION Facial lacerations are a common emergency room encounter for a plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Nearly 7 million patients require treatment for traumatic…
Local Anesthesia of the Face Cerrene N. Giordano Anthony M. Rossi DEFINITION Local or regional anesthesia involves the injection or application of a medication to a specific area of the…
Summary Local flaps can provide immediate definitive wound closure but at the expense of distant incisions and increased repair complexity. Although geometric flaps are well described and popular, the human…
Summary Two distinct flaps, the paramidline forehead flap and the nasolabial flap, are most suitable for nasal reconstruction. Although they should not be considered interchangeable, either pedicle flap can be…
