Introduction Disorders of sexual development (DSD)―a less derogatory term than intersex―are a heterogenous group of conditions characterized by aberrant chromosomal, gonadal, and/or anatomic sex with widely varying genotypic and phenotypic…
Foreword While it is still a different era than anyone born before 1965 can remember, much is left to be done to optimize care of transgender youth. Whether to include…
Introduction Transgender medicine is a developing field of medicine that spans multiple subspecialties. Transgender individuals are defined as those whose gender identity differs from the assigned sex recorded for them…
Introduction The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community has built tremendous momentum in raising awareness of its presence in our communities, and in the past several decades we have…
Introduction Transgender identity is not a mental illness; however, mental health assessment and care is an integral part of transgender care. Transgender people may present with gender dysphoria, for help…
Introduction Transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming individuals have been a part of all cultures historically, yet the emergence of, and advocacy for, transgender individuals in the Western world have become…
Chest surgery Chest-wall contouring is an important, early surgical step for transmen and may help to facilitate their transition. The goals of chest surgery include the aesthetic contouring of the…
Surgical conversion of the genitalia in transwomen has evolved since the use of skin grafts for creation of a neovagina in cases of vaginal agenesis. The use of pedicled penile…
Embryology Genetic sex is determined at fertilization, either XX or XY. For the first 6 weeks of development, gender is not distinguishable, and this is known as the indifferent period. Characteristic…
Diagnosis Transgender is not a formal diagnosis. Transgender individuals possess persistent concerns, uncertainties, and questions about gender identity. These issues often become the most important aspect of their life and…
