Free Flap Failure
5 Free Flap Failure Abstract This chapter will review postoperative monitoring of the free flap patient and management of free flap failure. The reader will be able to discriminate between…
General Surgery
Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis
3 Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Abstract This chapter will provide current best practices of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. VTE is a disease process that includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary…
Other solutions
Abstract The appearance of the ageing face is a summation of foundation volume loss from recession of underlying skeletal support; skin volume loss from aging, ultraviolet damage and ‘rubbing’, and…
Management of forehead wrinkles
Abstract A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the forehead and scalp is essential. Movement of muscles on the forehead are relayed through the brain and redirected to affect the…
Management of crow’s feet
Abstract The crow’s feet are the wrinkles at the corners of the eyes due to contraction of the orbicularis oculi when smiling. The same part of the muscle is responsible…
Treatment of the perioral region, the neck and scars
Abstract Botulinum toxin can be effective in balancing the muscles of the perioral area as they age. The author avoids paralysing the muscles of the upper lip by eliminating upper…
The art of patient selection and short- and long-term management
Abstract It is important to carefully select patients for botulinum toxin rejuvenation treatment. It must be clear to the patient what the injection will do and how it works. The…
Contraindications and complications
Abstract Patients with neuromuscular diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, must be warned that botulinum toxin could potentiate their weakness. Some drugs, such as aminoglycosides and anaesthetic agents, will interfere with…
Patient preparation and injection skills
Abstract The main serotypes of botulinum toxin comprise different concentration measurements. Each must be reconstituted specifically for its own brand, and doses must not be interchanged. However, BOTOX and Xeomin…
Patient selection: The art of understanding neuromodulation and symmetry
Abstract Most faces are asymmetrical, with asymmetrical bone structure and therefore overlying muscle volume. The art is to see the difference in sizes and actions of the muscle groups to…
