Plastic Surgery Key

Cheeks OVERVIEW The cheeks constitute the largest area of the face and may be affected by various conditions that are often signs of underlying infections or systemic diseases (e.g., the…

Nails OVERVIEW Mammals use their nails as weapons, as primitive tools, for grooming purposes, for scratching, and for the removal of infestations. Humans use their fingernails to help pick up…

Arms OVERVIEW The upper arms and forearms have two contrasting aspects—the sun-exposed extensor surface and the sun-protected flexor surface. Different conditions affect each side. Predictably, the sun-exposed extensor arm is…

Feet OVERVIEW The dermatologic conditions of the feet are similar to those of the hands. Inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis and eczema often mirror palmar disorders. Similarly, bacterial, viral (e.g.,…

Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Disease OVERVIEW Characteristic skin features can be clues to more serious underlying systemic illnesses. The cutaneous surface, nails, hair, and the mucosal surfaces, including the oral…

Diaper Area, Buttocks, and Gluteal Cleft OVERVIEW The unique environment of the diaper area is predisposed to the friction of repeated movement, chafing, local heat, and maceration from retained moisture,…

Fever and Rash OVERVIEW A fever is one sign of the body’s defense response. A fever occurs when a pyrogen, a toxin, or cytokine produced by an infectious agent, human…

Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection OVERVIEW The first organ that may be affected in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the skin. Before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy…

Axillary and Inguinal Creases OVERVIEW The word “intertrigo” comes from the Latin, terere, to rub, a catch-all word for the more descriptive term “intertriginous dermatitis.” Thus, when used in its…

Lips and Perioral Area OVERVIEW The term cheilitis refers to inflammatory lesions involving the mucous membranes of the lips. Many disorders of mucous membranes (see also Oral Cavity), both inflammatory,…