I. EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) EVALUATION A. History 1. Mechanism of injury determines the degree of force a. Interpersonal violence (usually low energy) b. Motor vehicle accident (usually higher energy) 2. History, prior facial trauma 3. Time…
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES A. Function and goals of reconstruction 1. Function a. *Thumb contributes 40% of the hand function. b. Essential for prehensile hand function c. Requires contact between the index and the thumb pulp to…
I. PROBLEMS A. Burn contractures 1. Tight, shortened scars from tissue deficit 2. Can form across joint creating limitation of movement 3. Can involve more than skin: Causes shortening and fibrosis of underlying muscle, fascia,…
BASICS I. STRUCTURE A. Tendons are strong, dense, uniform connective tissue structures that attach muscles to bones. B. Consist of long collagen fibrils produced by specialized fibroblasts called tenocytes that are embedded in…
BLEPHAROPLASTY I. ANATOMY A. General anatomy 1. Levator palpebrae a. Origin: Lesser wing of sphenoid b. Insertion: Dermis and superior edge of tarsus c. Innervation: CN III d. Action: 10 to 15 mm upper lid excursion e. Whitnall…
I. CRANIOFACIAL EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT A. Skeletal tissues of head and face derive from mesenchyme and cranial neural crest cells B. Bone formed through both endochondral and intramembranous ossification (Fig. 27-1) 1. Skull development…
I. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FACIAL AGING A. Sun damage (photoaging): Atrophy, loss of skin tone, and pigmentation changes B. Significant weight gain or loss. Increased facial fat deposits will confer a more youthful…
I. SKIN EMBRYOLOGY A. Epidermis: Ectoderm B. Dermis: Mesoderm C. Other cells 1. Melanocytes: Neural crest 2. Merkel cells: Neural cells 3. Langerhans cells: Mesenchymal II. SKIN HISTOLOGY A. Epidermis 1. Keratinocytes a. Primary cell in epidermis b. Start in basal layer…
I. PRESSURE SORE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT A. Definition: Necrosis and ulceration of tissue from pressure B. Etiology/mechanism 1. *Tissue ischemia from external pressures exceeding the closing pressure of nutrient capillaries (32 mmHg) for a…
ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREAST I. GLAND A. Boundaries 1. Superior: Second rib or clavicle 2. Inferior: Sixth rib 3. Medial: Sternal edge 4. Lateral: Midaxillary line, extends into axilla as axillary tail of Spence…
