Fig. 7.1 In normal human skin (NHS), the SC may be subdivided into SC compactum, where the principal permeability barrier resides, and SC disjunctum, where the desquamation process takes place….
Fig. 18.1 (a) Optical appearance and cryo-TEM image of a translucent nanoemulsion (Reprinted from Sonneville-Aubrun et al. (2004), p. 146, with permission of Elsevier). (b) Cryo-TEM image of nano-sized oil…
Fig. 4.1 Molecular organization of the skin barrier. The stratum corneum lipid layer is organized as stacked bilayers of fully extended ceramides with cholesterol molecules associated with the ceramide sphingoid…
Fig. 2.1 Transmission electron micrograph of several epidermal lamellar granules. Bar = 200 nm Since lamellar granules are lipid-rich, they have a low buoyant density. This unique property has been exploited to…
Fig. 8.1 Targets in dermal and transdermal drug delivery Topical delivery can be defined as the application of a drug-containing formulation to the skin to directly treat cutaneous disorders or…
Compound Partition coefficient Classification Correlation (log P octanol/water) Sucrose −3.7 Hydrophilic Yes Caffeine −0.02 Hydrophilic Yes Water 1 Hydrophilic Yes Acetylsalicylic acid 1.13 Hydrophilic Yes Sulfur mustard 1.37 Lipophilic No…
Fig. 9.1 Fungal melanonychia Fungal melanonychia is an infrequent complication of onychomycosis [1]. Onychomycosis is the invasion of nails by fungi, regardless of its individual causative agents. Fungal melanonychia is…
Fig. 4.1 SWO schematic drawing showing fungal invasion of the dorsal nail plate Fig. 4.2 SWO dermoscopy shows that the superficial nail plate is affected Epidemiology Onychomycosis generally affects men…
Fig. 3.1 This schematic illustrates the progression of fungal infection in DLSO, specifically how the fungus gains access to the nail bed via the hyponychium Although not life threatening, these…
