Bites and Infestations
For diagnosis Clinical examination for classic-appearing burrows, often with a vesicle or small pustule at the end of a burrow Skin scraping with mineral oil for microscopic identification of mites,…
Overview of Dermatologic Care in Children
Evaluation Prior to first bath after birth, measure temperature, oxygen status, respiratory rate and heart rate and ensure these signs are stable for 2–4 h Therapies [3, 6, 9, 11]…
Histiocytoses and Malignancy
Diagnostic Skin Biopsy, preferably excisional sent for: Histology Immunohistochemistry Evaluation Baseline studies of complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel (CMP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), INR/PT, APTT/PTT, fibrinogen, early morning…
Basic Mathematics in Skin Absorption
Symbol Generic units Description A m2 Area of application AUC kg/m3 Area under the curve c kg/m3 Concentration c ss kg/m3 Steady-state concentration C 0 kg/m3 Initial concentration at Cl…
The Effects of Vehicle Mixtures on Transdermal Absorption: Thermodynamics, Mechanisms, Assessment, and Prediction
, where R is the ideal gas constant, T and P are temperature and pressure, x i is the mole fraction of component i, N j are the numbers of…
High Throughput Screening of Transdermal Penetration Enhancers: Opportunities, Methods, and Applications
Fig. 8.1 Schematic of the INSIGHT screening apparatus. The INSIGHT screen is made up of a donor array (top) and a symmetric receiver array (bottom). A single screen can screen…
Non-formulation Parameters That Affect Penetrant-Skin-Vehicle Interactions and Percutaneous Absorption
Fig. 4.1 Schematic illustration of skin (showing epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and skin appendages) and underlying muscles and joints, showing targets of drugs and cosmetics applied to skin for local, systemic…
Mechanistic Studies of Permeation Enhancers
Fig. 7.1 Chemical structures of the enhancers. R, R′ = alkyl chain Corticosterone (CS) was the main model permeant. Estradiol (ES) and hydrocortisone (HC) were the two other steroidal permeants…
Models, Methods, and Measurements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
(9.1) where C 0 is the concentration of the solute in the donor chamber, K is the partition coefficient, or log P of the solute into skin (SC), D is…
Finite and Infinite Dosing
(3.1) where J is the flux of the permeant (mass per cm2), D is the diffusion coefficient and δc/δx is the concentration gradient. To determine how diffusion affects the permeant…
