Plastic Surgery Key

Introduction Breast reduction can be performed for either functional or cosmetic reasons. Optimal size, shape, symmetry, and scarring, as four primary goals, should be applied to each type of breast…

Introduction Superior pedicle breast reduction is the authors’ technique of choice in patients who qualify for its use. Numerous advantages of this technique make it ideal for many patients. Advantages…

Introduction One-stage breast augmentation combined with mastopexy is a challenging operation with numerous potential complications. Augmentation expands the breast volume, and mastopexy reduces the skin envelope; thus, these operations produce…

Introduction Breast reduction and breast lift are widely performed procedures, with over 100,969 surgeries reported by American Society of Plastic Surgeons members in 2016. Patients seek surgery not only for…

Introduction Gender dysphoria, quite often referred to as gender identity disorder, is defined by an individual’s persistent discomfort with his or her own assigned sex. Individuals with gender identity disorder…

Introduction With the ongoing rise of obesity in the United States a greater emphasis is placed on the importance of weight loss, diet, and exercise. A weight loss of more…

Introduction Capsular contracture has for decades been the most common complication associated with aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Although the exact mechanism or cause is still unclear, many causes have…

Introduction The best way to treat a complication, is to avoid it. Unknown expert surgeon Breast augmentation is a common operation, and it has been estimated that there are currently…

Introduction Complications continue to be a problem in breast implant surgery with the original prospective meta-analyses (PMAs) studies showing complications and revision rates as high as 30% ( Fig. 12.1…

Introduction Mastopexy is the surgical technique mostly employed for modification of volume, compaction, and repositioning of the breast mound. The harmonious combination of proportion, position, and projection requires a dermoglandular…