Key Messages • Subcutaneous adipose tissue, once considered a passive storage receptacle with a fixed number of cells and limited purpose, is now recognized as a complicated organ with important…
Key Messages • There is increasing demand for nonsurgical approaches to skin tightening on the body without downtime and with minimal risk. Lasers and light-based devices are being developed to…
Key Messages • Skin laxity is defined as the acquired loose, relaxed state of the skin that develops with age as a result of skin extensibility (stretch) and decreased skin…
Reconstruction of Contractures: Z-Plasty, Skin Grafting, and Flaps Xiangxia Liu DEFINITION Scar contracture is the result of tightening of the skin during and after the wound healing process. The continuous…
Soft Tissue Coverage of Lower Leg—Free Flap Goo-Hyun Mun Kyong-Je Woo DEFINITION Microvascular free flap transfer is a reliable and often ideal option for soft tissue reconstruction of a complex…
Reconstruction of Heel and Plantar Defects: Free Flap Goo-Hyun Mun Kyong-Je Woo DEFINITION Heel and plantar soft tissues perform a special role of weight bearing while walking or standing. The…
Pediatric Facial Reanimation Using a Functional Gracilis Muscle Transfer Brad M. Gandolfi Jeffrey R. Marcus Michael R. Zenn DEFINITION Facial paralysis does not describe a disease but instead the sequelae…
Second Toe-to-Thumb Transfer for Hypoplastic Thumb Amir H. Taghinia Brian I. Labow Joseph Upton DEFINITION Toe-to-thumb transfer for congenital conditions is usually indicated in cases in which the carpometacarpal joint…
Masseter-to-Facial Nerve Transfer Michael J. A. Klebuc DEFINITION The descending branch of the masseter nerve can be transferred to selected zygomatic-buccal branches of the facial nerve (V-VII) to restore motion…
Soft Tissue Coverage of the Knee: Free Flaps Goo-Hyun Mun So Young Kim DEFINITION Although most soft tissue and bony defects around the knee are usually covered with locoregional tissues,…
