After synthesis of dapsone (4,4′ diaminodiphenylsulfone) in 1908, the compound was known exclusively in chemistry. Following the epoch-making discovery of the antimicrobial potential for sulfonamides emerged, the sulfone class was…
Severe zinc deficiency states, such as acrodermatitis enteropathica, are associated with a variety of skin manifestations, such as perioral, acral, and perineal dermatitis. These syndromes can be reversed with systemic…
Thalidomide is approved for treating erythema nodosum leprosum and multiple myeloma, but it has also emerged as a useful treatment option for many refractory dermatologic disorders. Some of the innovative…
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that is released by a variety of cell types, including immune effector cells and tissue-specific cells. TNF-α has been shown to promote…
Since its approval in 1997 by the US Food and Drug Administration, rituximab has been approved for use in certain B-cell lymphomas and treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Over the past 10…
Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are indicated for treatment of atopic dermatitis, but they have been studied in many off-label uses. Double-blind and open studies have shown favorable results with topical…
Metronidazole is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. It was the first topical therapy approved solely for rosacea and remains a cornerstone of rosacea management. This article…
There are various treatment options for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a recurrent and suppurative disease, but none is wholly satisfactory or effective. There have been many reports on the efficacy of…
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of skin-homing T cells. This unique population of lymphocytes requires alternative therapies to those used in nodal lymphomas. Although phototherapy and nitrogen mustard have…
This article focuses on the management of discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus when the usual therapeutic arsenal such as oral antimalarial drugs and topical/oral…
